Examining the relationship between meeting 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines and mental health in Chinese preschool children.

Background: Limited research has explored the relationship between adhering to 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines and mental health in Chinese preschool children. The objectives of this study encompassed two primary goals: (1) to investigate the adherence of preschool children in China to the 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines; and (2) to analyze the relationship between fulfilling various combinations of these guidelines and mental health, identifying the most advantageous combination. Methods: Utilizing a convenience sampling approach, this study included 205 preschool children (117 boys and 88 girls, average age 4.8 ± 0.51 years) from five kindergartens in Hengyang, Hunan Province. The physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour of preschool children were objectively assessed using waist-worn accelerometers, while sleep duration and screen time were reported by the children's parents. To evaluate mental health, the parent version of the internationally validated Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was employed, which measures externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and prosocial behaviour. Employing Mplus 8.0 for Structural Equation Modeling analysis, while controlling for demographic variables, the study explored the connection between preschool children's mental health and their adherence to the 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines. Results: Worryingly, merely 14.6% of preschoolers met the recommended guidelines for all three aspects (PA, sleep duration, and screen time). Positive correlations were identified between meeting PA guidelines and displaying prosocial behaviour (ß = 0.184; p < 0.05), while screen time adherence exhibited a negative correlation with externalizing problems (ß = -0.207; p < 0.05). Similarly, there was a negative association between sleep duration adherence and externalizing problems (ß = -0.191; p < 0.05). Meeting all three recommended guidelines was notably linked to enhanced prosocial behaviour (ß = 0.464; p < 0.05), while following the screen time and sleep duration guidelines was negatively associated with externalizing problems (ß = -0.246; p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study underscores the limited adherence of Chinese preschoolers to the comprehensive 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines. Noteworthy findings include the positive influence of PA on prosocial behaviour, alongside the significant roles that sleep duration and screen time play in mitigating externalizing problems within this age group. Alignment with the 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines is associated with more favorable mental health indicators in preschoolers.

Local injection of micro-dose guselkumab for palmoplantar pustulosis after partial failure of systemic ixekizumab treatment.

We present a palmoplantar pustulosis case partially resistant to systemic IL-17A inhibitor (ixekizumab) treatment, and then receiving a local injection of 0.1 mL micro-dose (1 mg) IL-23 inhibitor (guselkumab) every 4 weeks for four times. The paradoxical lesion disappeared rapidly following local injection and there was no recurrence after 8 weeks of drug withdrawal. This is the first clinical report on the treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis by local injection of micro-dose guselkumab.

Efficacy of anti-interleukin-17A biological agents for palmoplantar psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis: A network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The comparative efficacy of anti-IL (interleukin)-17A biological agents in palmoplantar psoriasis (PP) and palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) are not well established. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of different dosage regimens of anti-IL-17A biological agents compared with placebo in PP and PPP. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, and Embase. Meta-analysis was performed for all outcomes of randomized controlled trials, while network meta-analysis was only performed for the primary outcome. RESULTS: In total, 21 articles exploring the efficacy of 5 treatment options were included, 4 cohort studies were also reviewed. Meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference favoring anti-IL-17A biological agents versus placebo (OR = 6.84, 95 %[CI] [5.34, 8.76]). On-label secukinumab was identified as the most effective treatment option for patients with PP (OR = 33.50, 95 %[CI] [4.37,256.86]). PPP treated with secukinumab 300 mg showed benefit in terms of PPPASI 75 responses over 52 weeks. CONCLUSION: IL-17A biological agents had better PP disease clearance compared with placebo and on-label secukinumab was identified as the most effective treatment option for PP patients. Secukinumab 300 mg showed benefit for PPP patients.

A Proposed Modified Staging System for Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A SEER Analysis With Multicenter Validation.

BACKGROUND: The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) was implemented in 2018. However, its ability to predict prognosis remains controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patient data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and multicenter datasets. Overall survival was the primary end-point of the present study. The concordance index (C-index) was used to assess the efficacy of various models to predict prognostic outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1450 MTC patients were selected from the SEER databases and 349 in the multicenter dataset. According to the AJCC staging system, there were no significant survival differences between T4a and T4b categories (P = .299). The T4 category was thus redefined as T4a' category (≤3.5 cm) and T4b' category (>3.5 cm) based on the tumor size, which was more powerful for distinguishing the prognosis (P = .003). Further analysis showed that the T category was significantly associated with both lymph node (LN) location and count (P < .001). Therefore, the N category was modified by combining the LN location and count. Finally, the above-mentioned novel T and N categories were adopted to modify the 8th AJCC classification using the recursive partitioning analysis principle, and the modified staging system outperformed the current edition (C-index, 0.811 vs. 0.792). CONCLUSIONS: The 8th AJCC staging system was improved based on the intrinsic relationship among the T category, LN location, and LN count, which would have a positive impact on the clinical decision-making process and appropriate surveillance.

Local injection of micro-dose anti-interleukin-17A antibody for palmoplantar pustulosis: A real-world study.

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP), a chronic and stubborn skin disease, is mainly confined to the palms or/and soles, making it possible for localized use of therapeutic antibodies. In this real-world prospective cohort study, 8 patients with PPP received palms/soles injections of ixekizumab (0.8 mg in 0.1 ml) every 2 to 8 weeks due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The treatment endpoint was a 75% improvement from baseline in Palmoplantar Pustulosis/Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI 75). At week 8, 75%, 50% and 12.5% of 8 patients reached PPPASI 50, PPPASI 75 and PPPASI 90. At week 12, 100%, 75% and 25% of 8 patients reached PPPASI 50, PPPASI 75 and PPPASI 90. This is the first study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of local injection of micro-dose ixekizumab for PPP in real clinical practice. A high proportion of patients rapidly achieved PPPASI 75, and maintained long-term efficacy with satisfactory safety.

Overexpression of MiR-181c-5p Attenuates Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury in Deep Vein Thrombosis by Targeting FOS.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Its clinical therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory due to the high rate of postthrombotic syndrome. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of miRNAs in DVT. Therefore, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with DVT and explored their effects and underlying mechanism on endothelial cell (EC) injury.Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified via microRNA sequencing and verified using real-time quantitative PCR. The biological function of miR-181c-5p in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was investigated. The target gene of miR-181c-5p was analyzed using bioinformatics and verified via dual-luciferase reporter assay.miRNA sequencing showed that miR-181c-5p was downregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with DVT. Furthermore, miR-181c-5p had a high clinical diagnostic value for DVT by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. An in vitro cell model of EC injury, miR-181c-5p, was repressed in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Enhancing miR-181c-5p expression could alleviate the inhibition cell viability, cell apoptosis, raising ROS and MDA production, the reducing SOD level, and the elevated levels of thrombosis-related factor, ET-1 and vWF induced by ox-LDL. Further analysis revealed that FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (FOS) is a target of miR-181c-5p and could antagonize the protective role of miR-181c-5p in ox-LDL-induced HUVEC injury.Our research demonstrated that miR-181c-5p could attenuate ox-LDL-induced EC injury and thrombosis-related factor expression by negatively regulating FOS. These findings suggest that the miR-181c-5p/FOS axis is a promising therapeutic target for DVT.

Degraded frozen soil and reduced frost heave in China due to climate warming.

Frost heave hazard is the uneven uplift of the ground surface due to the freezing of water and the expansion of ice bodies in soil, especially in seasonally frozen soil. First, this study quantified temporal and spatial variations of frozen soil, the active layer and frost heave in China in the 2010s. Subsequently, the study predicted the changes in the frozen soil, active layer, and frost heave for the 2030s and 2050s under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios. The permafrost will have degraded to seasonally frozen soil, and the seasonally frozen soil will have a reduced depth or even become non-frozen. By the 2050s, the area of permafrost and seasonally frozen soil will have degraded by 17.6-59.2 % and 4.8-13.5 %, respectively. There is a 19.7-37.2 % reduction in area for seasonally frozen soil when the maximum depth of the seasonally freezing layer (MDSF) < 1.0 m, 8.8-18.5 % when 2.0 < MDSF <3.0 m, and an increase up to 13 % when 1.0 < MDSF <2.0 m. The area with a frost heaving <1.5 cm, 1.5-3.0 cm, 3.0-5.0 cm will have been reduced by 16.6-27.2 %, 18.0-24.4 %, and -8.0-17.1 % in the 2050s, respectively. Areas where permafrost degrades to seasonally frozen soil require attention when managing frost heave hazards. This study will help guide engineering and environmental practices in cold regions.

Molecular testing raises thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration diagnostic value.

Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) remains indeterminate in 16%-24% of the cases. Molecular testing could improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB. This study examined the gene mutation profile of patients with thyroid nodules and analyzed the diagnostic ability of molecular testing for thyroid nodules using a self-developed 18-gene test. Between January 2019 and August 2021, 513 samples (414 FNABs and 99 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens) underwent molecular testing at Ruijin Hospital. Sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated. There were 457 mutations in 428 samples. The rates of BRAF, RAS, TERT promoter, RET/PTC, and NTRK3 fusion mutations were 73.3% (n=335), 9.6% (n=44), 2.8% (n=13), 4.8% (n=22), and 0.4% (n=2), respectively. The diagnostic ability of cytology and molecular testing were evaluated in Bethesda II and V-VI samples. For cytology alone, Sen, Spe, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 100%, 25.0%, 97.4%, 100%, and 97.4%; these numbers were 87.5%, 50.0%, 98.0%, 12.5%, and 86.2% when considering positive mutation, and 87.5%, 75.0%, 99.0%, 17.6%, and 87.1% when considering positive cytology or and positive mutation. In Bethesda III-IV nodules, when relying solely on the presence of pathogenic mutations for diagnosis, Sen, Spe, PPV, NPV, and AC were 76.2%, 66.7%, 94.1%, 26.8%, and 75.0%, respectively. It might be necessary to analyze the molecular mechanisms of disease development at the genetic level to predict patients with malignant nodules more accurately in different risk strata and develop rational treatment strategies and definite management plans.

Prediction of Surgical Approach in Mitral Valve Disease by XGBoost Algorithm Based on Echocardiographic Features.

In this study, we aimed to develop a prediction model to assist surgeons in choosing an appropriate surgical approach for mitral valve disease patients. We retrospectively analyzed a total of 143 patients who underwent surgery for mitral valve disease. The XGBoost algorithm was used to establish a predictive model to decide a surgical approach (mitral valve repair or replacement) based on the echocardiographic features of the mitral valve apparatus, such as leaflets, the annulus, and sub-valvular structures. The results showed that the accuracy of the predictive model was 81.09% in predicting the appropriate surgical approach based on the patient's preoperative echocardiography. The result of the predictive model was superior to the traditional complexity score (81.09% vs. 75%). Additionally, the predictive model showed that the three main factors affecting the choice of surgical approach were leaflet restriction, calcification of the leaflet, and perforation or cleft of the leaflet. We developed a novel predictive model using the XGBoost algorithm based on echocardiographic features to assist surgeons in choosing an appropriate surgical approach for patients with mitral valve disease.

Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Aortic Dissection.

Aortic dissection is a critical cardiovascular disease due to the separation of media and adventitia caused by the rupture of vascular wall intima. The disease has a high mortality rate of about 1%-3% for each additional hour, since the adventitia of the aorta can rupture and bleed to death at any time. Although great progress has been made in clinical treatment of aortic dissection, and the mortality rate has been significantly reduced, the pathogenesis is still not very clear. At present, related studies have confirmed that inflammation of aortic wall promotes the occurrence and development of Aortic dissection. Although the mechanism of aortic dissection is more complicated, some studies have shown that the infiltration of monocytes/macrophages into the aortic wall is the main pathogenic mechanism of the disease. This review introduces the latest research results on the mechanism of macrophage infiltration and plasticity in aortic dissection.

Different associations between waist circumference and bone mineral density stratified by gender, age, and body mass index.

INTRODUCTION: Investigations of the relationship between waist circumference (WC) and bone mineral density (BMD) have inconsistent and incomprehensive results. We explored the association between WC and BMD at various sites in a large-scale population-based study. METHODS: We screened 5337 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at various skeletal sites. The associations of WC with BMD were evaluated by weighted multivariable logistic regression models and conducted subgroup analyses for gender, age, and BMI. A weighted generalized additive model and a smooth curve fitting were performed to address non-linearity. RESULTS: Adjustments for all confounders, in males, WC was negatively correlated to BMD in different age and BMI groups (all the p < 0.05), except for in the lowest BMI group; in females, overall trends of relationships between WC and BMD were negative. However, statistical differences were insignificant in some cases. Additionally, every 1 cm increase in WC for individuals of all ages with normal BMI (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) was associated with decrease in BMD at each skeletal site, as was the case for men with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. For women, the negative association of WC with BMD was evident at the lumbar spine in the youngest age group (8 ≤ Age ≤ 18) with normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The nonlinear associations between WC and BMD at various skeletal sites are gender-, age- and BMI-specific in the NHANES (2006-2006).

Dupilumab for treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis.

This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the use of dupilumab in treating eosinophilic fasciitis (EF). Our case supports that Type 2 innate immunity might be related to EF and that T helper 2 cytokines play important roles in EF.

Oxidative stress induces meiotic defects of oocytes in a mouse psoriasis model.

Psoriasis, an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Emerging evidence indicates that these defects are likely attributed to compromised oocyte competence. Nevertheless, little is known about the underlying associated mechanisms between psoriasis and poor oocyte quality. In this study, we construct an imiquimod-induced chronic psoriasis-like mouse model to review the effects of psoriasis on oocyte quality. We discover that oocytes from psoriasis-like mice display spindle/chromosome disorganization, kinetochore-microtubule mis-attachment, and aneuploidy. Importantly, our results show that melatonin supplement in vitro and in vivo not only increases the rate of matured oocytes but also significantly attenuates oxidative stress and meiotic defects by restoring mitochondrial function in oocytes from psoriasis-like mice. Altogether, our data uncover the adverse effects of psoriasis symptoms on oocytes, and melatonin supplement ameliorates oxidative stress and meiotic defects of oocytes from psoriatic mice.

Geochemical characteristics and growth suitability assessment of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in the Earth's critical zone of North China.

Geochemical differentiation of soils has a series of consequences on plant and places pressure on the ecological environment. The quantitative evaluation of element migration in the Earth's critical zone is a challenging task. In this study, two demonstration study areas of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were selected, and multiple chemical weathering indexes, chemical loss fraction, mass migration coefficients and biological enrichment coefficient method were used to assess the ecological and geochemical suitability. The results show that for the element of Fe, Zn, Se, Cu, Co, Ni, Mo and Ge, the degree of weathering and soil maturation, were greater in the rhyolitic tuff area than in the Plagioclase gneiss area. In both research sites, the heavy metal level of samples in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi did not exceed the standard limits. The plagioclase gneiss region's surface soil environment was more alkaline, and the content of soil organic matter was lower, resulting in a higher bioenrichment intensity of Ge, Co, Cu, and Se elements in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi than in the rhyolite-tuff area. The elements of Cd, Nb, Mo, Pb and As are considerably enriched in the soil of the plagioclase gneiss area but lost by leaching in the soil of the rhyolite tuff area, which is connected to the interplay of elemental abundance and human impact in the parent materials. This study provides a good example of how to assess growth suitability of Chinese medicinal materials in the Earth's critical zone.